Course Assignment Master of Commerce untuk mata kuliah wajib dan elektif di semester awal di University of Queensland. If anyone of you wants to have an example of this assignment. Please send me an email (achmadi@bi.go.id) and state your purpose.
MKTG7501, Marketing
Course in Summer Semester, 2008
Course Coordinator: DR. Anna McAlister
Tugas 1: Membuat marketing plan sebuah perusahaan (3,000 words).
Tugas 2: Membuat tulisan kode etik yang terkait dengan marketing (800 words) dan dipresentasikan.
Tipe: Individual
Result:
Tugas 1: 36/40
Tugas 2: 12/15
MGTS7202, Management Systems
Course in Semester 1, 2008
Course Coordinator: DR. Sabine Zumpe
Tugas: Membuat suggested solution terhadap scenario yang diberikan. Penyelesaian dengan membuat model menggunakan Microsoft excel dan solver untuk mendapatkan nilai optimasi, kemudian dibuatkan eksekutif presentasi dengan menggunakan Microsoft powerpoint.
Tipe: Individual
Result:
Report: 23.6/30
Selasa, 01 Desember 2009
Minggu, 29 November 2009
INFS7233, Decision Support Systems (Course Semester 3)
TextBook yang dipergunakan adalah Decision Support Sytems and Intelligent Systems, 7th edition oleh Turban, Aronson, Liang and Sharda.
Perkuliahan dimulai dengan penjelasan overview materi, system penilaian dan lecture resources. Dilanjutkan dengan introduction yaitu data management, decision making and business intelligence.
Decision making, modelling and analysis: Simon’s 4 phases of decision making (intelligence, design, choice, implementation); models terdiri dari normative dan descriptive models (a simplified representation of reality, simplifications through assumptions, represent systems or problems with various degree of abstraction, decision variables, result variables, uncontrollable variable); the modelling process (conceptualization of problems, abstraction to quantitative or qualitative forms, determining the relationship among the decision, result and uncontrollable variables).
Datawarehouse: subject oriented, integrated, time variant, non-volatile, web based, relational multidimentional, client server, real time, include metadata.
Business Analytics:
Real-time Business Intelligent (BI), automated decision support (ADS) and competitive intelligent, web intelligence, need for integration.
BI/BA projects fail: failure to recognize BI project as cross-organizational business initiatives, weak business sponsors, unwilling business representatives from functional areas, lack of skilled staff, no software release concept, no work breakdown structure, no business analysis, no appreciation of the negative impact of poor data, no understanding of the use of metadata, too much reliance on disparate methods.
Data Mining: exploration and analysis, by automatic or semi-automatic means, of large quantities of data in order to obtain insight into data and discover meaningful patterns, rules and models for strategic business decision. 3 Metode untuk mengidentifikasi pola data: Simple model (OLAP, SQL Query), Intermediate Model (Regression, decision tree), complex models (neural network). Data mining tasks: classification, clustering, association rules, interactive analysis, prediction, forecasting.
CRM: konsep new marketing: relationship oriented, share of wallet oriented, all customer not equal, marketers manage demand, relationship marketing, individual marketing, manage customer experience, focus on existing customers, dialogue oriented, customer lifetime value.
CRM refers to web-based, enterprise, partner relationship management, collaborative, supplier relationship management, dan mobile CRM. Some analytical CRM application: product/service profitability, customer profiling, customer lifetime value analysis, campaign analysis, customer buying behaviour, sales channel analysis, sales analysis, call center analysis, market segment analysis. Analytical CRM Technologies: Data warehousing, ETL(data cleansing and warehouse loading), OLAP (Report generation and ad hoc reporting), data mining (pattern discovery, customer segmentation and classification, prediction models, and scoring), text mining (emails, documented complains, business contract, service description).
SCM: meningkatkan integrasi dan kolaborasi antara internal proses dalam organisasi dengan supplier (upstream) dan customer (downstream). Penggunaan teknologi untuk sharing informasi dan teamwork untuk membangun proses yang efisien dan efektif untuk menciptakan customer satisfaction.
Intelligent Systems: major components of BI: datawarehouse (DW), business analytics (BA), business performance management (BPM), user interface (UI). Pentingnya me-manage knowledge dalam perusahaan untuk menciptakan competitive advantage dan membuat keputusan strategi. Tujuan expert system adalah mentransfer expertise dari seorang expert ke system computer dan orang lain dengan cara: knowledge acquisition (interview), knowledge representation, knowledge inferencing, dan knowledge transfer. Untuk permasalahan yang lebih tidak pasti (uncertain) dipergunakan diantaranya bayes theorem, fuzzy logic, artificial neural network dan genetic algorithm.
BPM: menerapkan closed-loop process (Strategize, Plan, Monitor, Act and Adjust). BPM methodology adalah diantaranya balanced scorecard dengan membantu menterjemahkan financial, customer, internal process, dan learning and growth menjadi a set of actionable initiatives.
Perkuliahan dimulai dengan penjelasan overview materi, system penilaian dan lecture resources. Dilanjutkan dengan introduction yaitu data management, decision making and business intelligence.
Decision making, modelling and analysis: Simon’s 4 phases of decision making (intelligence, design, choice, implementation); models terdiri dari normative dan descriptive models (a simplified representation of reality, simplifications through assumptions, represent systems or problems with various degree of abstraction, decision variables, result variables, uncontrollable variable); the modelling process (conceptualization of problems, abstraction to quantitative or qualitative forms, determining the relationship among the decision, result and uncontrollable variables).
Datawarehouse: subject oriented, integrated, time variant, non-volatile, web based, relational multidimentional, client server, real time, include metadata.
Business Analytics:
Real-time Business Intelligent (BI), automated decision support (ADS) and competitive intelligent, web intelligence, need for integration.
BI/BA projects fail: failure to recognize BI project as cross-organizational business initiatives, weak business sponsors, unwilling business representatives from functional areas, lack of skilled staff, no software release concept, no work breakdown structure, no business analysis, no appreciation of the negative impact of poor data, no understanding of the use of metadata, too much reliance on disparate methods.
Data Mining: exploration and analysis, by automatic or semi-automatic means, of large quantities of data in order to obtain insight into data and discover meaningful patterns, rules and models for strategic business decision. 3 Metode untuk mengidentifikasi pola data: Simple model (OLAP, SQL Query), Intermediate Model (Regression, decision tree), complex models (neural network). Data mining tasks: classification, clustering, association rules, interactive analysis, prediction, forecasting.
CRM: konsep new marketing: relationship oriented, share of wallet oriented, all customer not equal, marketers manage demand, relationship marketing, individual marketing, manage customer experience, focus on existing customers, dialogue oriented, customer lifetime value.
CRM refers to web-based, enterprise, partner relationship management, collaborative, supplier relationship management, dan mobile CRM. Some analytical CRM application: product/service profitability, customer profiling, customer lifetime value analysis, campaign analysis, customer buying behaviour, sales channel analysis, sales analysis, call center analysis, market segment analysis. Analytical CRM Technologies: Data warehousing, ETL(data cleansing and warehouse loading), OLAP (Report generation and ad hoc reporting), data mining (pattern discovery, customer segmentation and classification, prediction models, and scoring), text mining (emails, documented complains, business contract, service description).
SCM: meningkatkan integrasi dan kolaborasi antara internal proses dalam organisasi dengan supplier (upstream) dan customer (downstream). Penggunaan teknologi untuk sharing informasi dan teamwork untuk membangun proses yang efisien dan efektif untuk menciptakan customer satisfaction.
Intelligent Systems: major components of BI: datawarehouse (DW), business analytics (BA), business performance management (BPM), user interface (UI). Pentingnya me-manage knowledge dalam perusahaan untuk menciptakan competitive advantage dan membuat keputusan strategi. Tujuan expert system adalah mentransfer expertise dari seorang expert ke system computer dan orang lain dengan cara: knowledge acquisition (interview), knowledge representation, knowledge inferencing, dan knowledge transfer. Untuk permasalahan yang lebih tidak pasti (uncertain) dipergunakan diantaranya bayes theorem, fuzzy logic, artificial neural network dan genetic algorithm.
BPM: menerapkan closed-loop process (Strategize, Plan, Monitor, Act and Adjust). BPM methodology adalah diantaranya balanced scorecard dengan membantu menterjemahkan financial, customer, internal process, dan learning and growth menjadi a set of actionable initiatives.
MGTS7208, Managing Information Systems (Course Semester 3)
Text book yang dipakai adalah Information Technology for Management: Transforming Organizaions in the Digital Economy, 6th Edition, karya Turban, Leidner, McLean, dan Wetherbe.
Metode perkuliahan selalu dimulai dengan critical thinking terkait dengan isu IT terkini dimulai dengan permasalahan, dampak, bagaimana mengatasi, dan peran seorang CIO (Chief Information Officer) dalam menghadapinya. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pembahasan studi kasus terkait dengan chapter yang dibahas. Penjelasan konsep diakhiri dengan focus pada managerial issue.
Pembahasan perkenalan dimulai dengan IT support of organizational performance, IT Concept and Management.
IT Strategy and Planning: Porter’s competitive forces Model, Generic Strategy (cost leadership, differentiation, niche, growth, alliance, innovation, operational effectiveness, customer-orientation, time, entry-barrier, lock in customer or supplier, increase switching costs), the value chain of porter (primary dan support activities).
IT Economics: pembahasan meliputi isu outsourcing, penggunaan open source software, web-based systems, bagaimana menilai investasi IT? menggunakan metode cost-benefit analysis dengan pendekatan: value analysis, information economics, scoring methodology, benchmarks, management by maxim, real-options valuation, balanced scorecard, performance dashboard, and activity-based costing (ABC).
Acquiring IT: analisis benefit dan resiko dan strategi untuk membeli, menyewa dengan Application Service Provider (ASP) atau in-house development, pemilihan vendors, System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), menilai dan membandingkan cost yaitu fixed cost dan total cost ownership (cost of acquiring, operating and controlling) dengan benefit (tangible dan intangible).
Project Management (PM): 3 faktor utama yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam PM yaitu cost, quality dan time.
Security and IT Organization: Unintentional threat (human error, environmental hazard, system failure), Intentional threat (cybercrime, hacker, cracker), protecting privacy dan intellectual property, identity theft, software attack (virus, warm), alien software (spyware, spamware, phishing), application dan network control. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan risk analysis management and mitigation. Pentingnya dilakukan IS auditing, disaster recovery planning.
Impact of IT: personal issue (job mobility, perubahan dalam supervision), virtual communities, dan societal and ethical issue.
E-commerce: Online transaction, websites, e-learning, e-tailing, e-CRM, e-loyalty, market segmentation. Pemanfaatan wireless technology dan network computing untuk meningkatkan e-commerce dan e-business.
Online Transaction Processing Systems (OLTP) manage production/operation: planning (MRP, MRP2, JIT), Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM), Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), channel system, marketing management, accounting and finance systems, human resources systems.
Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP): control all majors business processes with a single software architecture in a real time. It is comprised of a set of applications that automate routine back-end and front-end operation. It also increases efficiency, improves quality, productivity and profitability.
Supply Change Management (SCM): optimal inventory level, supply chain coordination and collaboration, supply chain team, performance measurement and metric, various IT-assisted solutions. Otomasi SCM bertujuan mengurangi biaya, mempercepat proses dan mengurangi error. E-commerce memegang peranan penting dalam keberhasilan SCM.
Scope of Customer Relationship Management (CRM): foundational service (website responsiveness, site effectiveness, dan order fulfilment); customer-centered service (order tracking, product configuration and customization, security/trust), value-added service (online auctions, online training and education).
Type of Inter Organizational Information System (IOS): B2B trading, B2B support systems, global systems, EFT, dan groupware/shared database. Penting pemanfaatan RFID teknologi dalam membantu proses supply chain. Disamping itu, pemanfaatan data management, data warehouse, dan business intelligent dalam proses planning dan pembuatan keputusan strategi.
Metode perkuliahan selalu dimulai dengan critical thinking terkait dengan isu IT terkini dimulai dengan permasalahan, dampak, bagaimana mengatasi, dan peran seorang CIO (Chief Information Officer) dalam menghadapinya. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pembahasan studi kasus terkait dengan chapter yang dibahas. Penjelasan konsep diakhiri dengan focus pada managerial issue.
Pembahasan perkenalan dimulai dengan IT support of organizational performance, IT Concept and Management.
IT Strategy and Planning: Porter’s competitive forces Model, Generic Strategy (cost leadership, differentiation, niche, growth, alliance, innovation, operational effectiveness, customer-orientation, time, entry-barrier, lock in customer or supplier, increase switching costs), the value chain of porter (primary dan support activities).
IT Economics: pembahasan meliputi isu outsourcing, penggunaan open source software, web-based systems, bagaimana menilai investasi IT? menggunakan metode cost-benefit analysis dengan pendekatan: value analysis, information economics, scoring methodology, benchmarks, management by maxim, real-options valuation, balanced scorecard, performance dashboard, and activity-based costing (ABC).
Acquiring IT: analisis benefit dan resiko dan strategi untuk membeli, menyewa dengan Application Service Provider (ASP) atau in-house development, pemilihan vendors, System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), menilai dan membandingkan cost yaitu fixed cost dan total cost ownership (cost of acquiring, operating and controlling) dengan benefit (tangible dan intangible).
Project Management (PM): 3 faktor utama yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam PM yaitu cost, quality dan time.
Security and IT Organization: Unintentional threat (human error, environmental hazard, system failure), Intentional threat (cybercrime, hacker, cracker), protecting privacy dan intellectual property, identity theft, software attack (virus, warm), alien software (spyware, spamware, phishing), application dan network control. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan risk analysis management and mitigation. Pentingnya dilakukan IS auditing, disaster recovery planning.
Impact of IT: personal issue (job mobility, perubahan dalam supervision), virtual communities, dan societal and ethical issue.
E-commerce: Online transaction, websites, e-learning, e-tailing, e-CRM, e-loyalty, market segmentation. Pemanfaatan wireless technology dan network computing untuk meningkatkan e-commerce dan e-business.
Online Transaction Processing Systems (OLTP) manage production/operation: planning (MRP, MRP2, JIT), Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM), Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), channel system, marketing management, accounting and finance systems, human resources systems.
Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP): control all majors business processes with a single software architecture in a real time. It is comprised of a set of applications that automate routine back-end and front-end operation. It also increases efficiency, improves quality, productivity and profitability.
Supply Change Management (SCM): optimal inventory level, supply chain coordination and collaboration, supply chain team, performance measurement and metric, various IT-assisted solutions. Otomasi SCM bertujuan mengurangi biaya, mempercepat proses dan mengurangi error. E-commerce memegang peranan penting dalam keberhasilan SCM.
Scope of Customer Relationship Management (CRM): foundational service (website responsiveness, site effectiveness, dan order fulfilment); customer-centered service (order tracking, product configuration and customization, security/trust), value-added service (online auctions, online training and education).
Type of Inter Organizational Information System (IOS): B2B trading, B2B support systems, global systems, EFT, dan groupware/shared database. Penting pemanfaatan RFID teknologi dalam membantu proses supply chain. Disamping itu, pemanfaatan data management, data warehouse, dan business intelligent dalam proses planning dan pembuatan keputusan strategi.
MGTS7206, Managing Application Database (Course Semester 3)
TextBook yang dipergunakan adalah Database Systems, karya Connoly dan Begg, 4th Edition.
Perkuliahan dimulai dengan introduction
Kemudian, fokus pada The Relational Model yang didahului dengan penjelasan secara garis besar mengenai 3 levels of architecture dari data requirement: Conceptual level, External level (User logical level), Internal level (physical level). Dilanjutkan dengan bahasan mencakup relational terminology: relation, tuple, attribute, domain, cardinality, degree, normalized relation, Cartesian product, keys (PK and FK), relational integrity (domain constraint, range, not null), relational operation (union, minus, join), views, dan rules yang mendefinisikan bahwa DBMS adalah relational.
Satu chapter khusus membahas syntax SQL Data Definition Language (DDL) (create, alter, drop) dan Data Maniplation Laguage (DML) (select, update, insert, delete), memahami dalam membaca ERD dan membuat view untuk query yang complex.
Pembahasan semantic modelling dan contoh penerapannya dalam sebuah scenario: First, identify the set of concepts that apply to the real world environment they are trying to represent in an information system. Second, devise a set of symbolic objects to depict those real world concepts. Third, construct a set of integrity rules that describe real world constraints. Fourth, describe how the objects can change over time.
Normalization: 1NF (Normalization Form): menghindari inkonsistensi data ketika melakukan query dan update karena repeating fields and lack of atomicity. 2NF: menghilangkan partial dependencies atau dengan perkataan lain a non-key attribute is not functionally dependent on the entire primary key. 3NF: eliminate transient dependencies. BNCF (Boyce Codd Normal Form) if only if every non-trivial, functional dependency has a candidate key as its determinant.
Satu pertemuan menjelaskan decision support system (operational, tactical dan strategic decisions), data warehouse (Subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant, non-volatile), data cleaning dan data mining.
Membahas concurrency, commit and rollback operation, locking (shared dan exclusive), deadlock, pentingnya log untuk berhasil dan tidaknya proses commit, recovery, dan backup transaksi.
Security: physical control, hardware control, operating system security, operational considerations, policy, disaster recovery plan, database control, audit trails and log files, views, authentication, backup and recovery, cold and hot sites, data encryption, audits, personnel policies and procedures, dan PC security.
Distributed Database: local autonomy, no reliance on a central site, continuous operation, location independence, fragmentation independence, replication independence, distributed query processing, distributed transaction management, hardware/OS/Network/DBMS independence.
Penjelasan secara garis besar terkait dengan object oriented model.
Perkuliahan dimulai dengan introduction
Kemudian, fokus pada The Relational Model yang didahului dengan penjelasan secara garis besar mengenai 3 levels of architecture dari data requirement: Conceptual level, External level (User logical level), Internal level (physical level). Dilanjutkan dengan bahasan mencakup relational terminology: relation, tuple, attribute, domain, cardinality, degree, normalized relation, Cartesian product, keys (PK and FK), relational integrity (domain constraint, range, not null), relational operation (union, minus, join), views, dan rules yang mendefinisikan bahwa DBMS adalah relational.
Satu chapter khusus membahas syntax SQL Data Definition Language (DDL) (create, alter, drop) dan Data Maniplation Laguage (DML) (select, update, insert, delete), memahami dalam membaca ERD dan membuat view untuk query yang complex.
Pembahasan semantic modelling dan contoh penerapannya dalam sebuah scenario: First, identify the set of concepts that apply to the real world environment they are trying to represent in an information system. Second, devise a set of symbolic objects to depict those real world concepts. Third, construct a set of integrity rules that describe real world constraints. Fourth, describe how the objects can change over time.
Normalization: 1NF (Normalization Form): menghindari inkonsistensi data ketika melakukan query dan update karena repeating fields and lack of atomicity. 2NF: menghilangkan partial dependencies atau dengan perkataan lain a non-key attribute is not functionally dependent on the entire primary key. 3NF: eliminate transient dependencies. BNCF (Boyce Codd Normal Form) if only if every non-trivial, functional dependency has a candidate key as its determinant.
Satu pertemuan menjelaskan decision support system (operational, tactical dan strategic decisions), data warehouse (Subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant, non-volatile), data cleaning dan data mining.
Membahas concurrency, commit and rollback operation, locking (shared dan exclusive), deadlock, pentingnya log untuk berhasil dan tidaknya proses commit, recovery, dan backup transaksi.
Security: physical control, hardware control, operating system security, operational considerations, policy, disaster recovery plan, database control, audit trails and log files, views, authentication, backup and recovery, cold and hot sites, data encryption, audits, personnel policies and procedures, dan PC security.
Distributed Database: local autonomy, no reliance on a central site, continuous operation, location independence, fragmentation independence, replication independence, distributed query processing, distributed transaction management, hardware/OS/Network/DBMS independence.
Penjelasan secara garis besar terkait dengan object oriented model.
Senin, 24 Agustus 2009
Ramadhon Terakhir di Brisbane...
Hari Jumat malam, tanggal 21 Agustus 2009, bertepatan dengan 1 Ramadhon 1430 kalender Hijriyah, adalah hari pertama kami melakukan sholat Tarawih untuk menyambut Ramadhon di Brisbane Australia yang kedua kalinya, dan kemungkinan Ramadhon ini adalah ramadhon terakhir yang kami lakukan bersama istri dan anak2 di negara orang. Selalu, yang ada dibenak ini ketika memasuki Ramadhon bahwa bulan ini adalah bulan yang sangat agung, bulan Ibadah, bulan Amal, bulan Ampunan, bulan Rahmah, bulan Al-quran, bulan Sadaqoh, bulan Tarbiyyah, bulan Taubah, bulan mustajabnya Doa, bulan Qiyamul Lail, bulan Lailatul Qodar, bulan dibelenggunya semua syaithon, bulan dibuka lebar-lebar pintu Syurga, bulan ditutup rapat-rapat pintu Neraka, bulan dihentikannya siksa kubur, bulan dimana seluruh amalan dilipantgandakan pahalanya dan bulan Jihad.
Saudaraku, barangsiapa diantara kita tidak merasakan bahagia atau tidak bersemangat untuk memperoleh keutamaan Ramadhon, maka kita harus bersedih, maka kita harus menangis, maka kita harus banyak membaca istighfar, maka kita harus mengingat kembali betapa banyaknya nikmat yang diberikan Alloh SWT, maka kita harus mengingat kembali bahwa kereta kencana akan datang tiba-tiba, maka kita harus mengingat kembali betapa dahsyatnya peradilan Alloh SWT (Yaumil Mahsyar), maka kita harus mengingat kembali betapa dahsyatnya neraka Jahannam, maka kita hurus mengingat kembali betapa dahsyatnya keindahan Jannatunna'im, maka kita harus mengingat kembali betapa tinggi dan kekalnya kehidupan Akhirat, maka kita harus mengingat kembali betapa kecilnya kehidupan dunia ini.
Saudaraku, buatlah proyek dan rencana besar untuk Ramadhon ini, minimal kita harus menghatamkan Alquran, minimal kita harus sholat Qiyamul lail setiap hari. Tidak ada kata "tidak bisa" untuk urusan Akhirat. Apakah kita mau mengatakan bahwa kita lebih sibuk dari Rasululloh SAW? Apakah kita mau mengatakan bahwa kita lebih sibuk dari Generasi Sahabat?
Saudaraku, perlu kita renungi dalam-dalam, Janganlah kita sia-siakan 10 hari terakhir Ramadhon. Perbanyak dan fokuslah ibadah pada 10 terakhir ini. Raih dan renggut malam Lailatul Qodar. Perbanyaklah doa pada 10 hari terakhir. Perbanyaklah menangis di 10 hari terakhir. Yakinkanlah pada hati ini, Apakah Ramadhon bulan ini adalah Ramadhon terakhir...?
Kamis, 16 Juli 2009
INFS7255, IS Analysis and Design (Course semester 1)
Text book yang digunakan “Modern System Analysis and Design, 5th Edition, 2008, oleh Hoffer, J.A. Practical software memperkenalkan pembuatan system design dengan Oracle Designer.
Kuliah dimulai dengan memperkenalkan system development methodology, SDLC (Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation dan Maintenance) dari waterfall, prototyping, CASE tool, JAD (Joint Application Development), RAD (rapid Application Development), Agile, eXtreme Programming (XP), dan OOAD (Object-Oriented Analysis Design).
Identifying and selecting system development projects: identify potential development projects (selection method: top management, steering committee, user department, development group); classifying and ranking IS development projects (Evaluation criteria: value chain analysis, strategic alignment, potential benefits, resource availability, project size/duration, technical difficulty/risks).
Managing the information system project: dimulai dengan Project initiation and planning: fokus pada organizing project team dan perkembangan project charter. Deliverables dan outcomes: Feasibility study (Economic, technical, operation, scheduling, legal and contractual, dan political); BPP (Baseline Project Plan); PSS(Project Scope Statement).
Requirement determination: Traditional method: interviewing, NGT (Nominal Group Technique), directly observation, Analyzing procedures and documents; contemporary method: JAD (Joint Application Design, GSS (Group Support Systems), CASE tools, system prototypes. RAD (Business Process Engineering/BPR), disruptive technologies, Agile methodologies. Sedangkan Sources of Software: Information and Communication (ICT) services firm, packaged software providers, ERP provider, application service providers (ASPs), open source, in-house development.
Requirement structuring: Process modeling: context diagram, DFD of physical system, DFD of logical system. Logic Modeling: English pseudocode dan decision table.
Conceptual data modeling: Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) dan a set of entries about data objects to be stored in repository or project dictionary. ERD: Entity type, Attribute, Relationship, cardinality, associate entities, subtypes and supertypes, dan business rules (domain dan triggering operation).
Database Design: well-structured relation and primary keys, normalization and rule of normalization, design physical file and physical table (denormalization), file organization (sequenced, hashed, or pointer), indexed file organization, designing controls for files.
Designing forms dan reports: meaningful title, information, balanced layout, dan easy navigation system. Designing interface and dialogues: flexibility and consistency; controlling data input; providing feedback and help. Finalysing design specifications: stated simply, complete, unambiguous, dan concise.
6 kegiatan utama pada system implementation: coding; testing (yaitu: unit testing, integration testing, system testing); installation (direct, parallel, single-location, phased); documentation (system documentation dan user documentation); training (use of the system, general computer concept, IS concept, organizational concept, system management, system installation); and support (Internet-based online, FAQs, On-demand fax, voice response system, knowledge bases, dan help desk).
Sedangkan User testing mencakup: acceptance testing, alpha testing (recovery testing, security testing, stress testing, performance testing), dan beta testing.
4 kegiatan utama pada Maintaining information system meliputi: obtaining maintenance request, transforming request into changes, designing changes, dan implementing changes.
Kuliah dimulai dengan memperkenalkan system development methodology, SDLC (Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation dan Maintenance) dari waterfall, prototyping, CASE tool, JAD (Joint Application Development), RAD (rapid Application Development), Agile, eXtreme Programming (XP), dan OOAD (Object-Oriented Analysis Design).
Identifying and selecting system development projects: identify potential development projects (selection method: top management, steering committee, user department, development group); classifying and ranking IS development projects (Evaluation criteria: value chain analysis, strategic alignment, potential benefits, resource availability, project size/duration, technical difficulty/risks).
Managing the information system project: dimulai dengan Project initiation and planning: fokus pada organizing project team dan perkembangan project charter. Deliverables dan outcomes: Feasibility study (Economic, technical, operation, scheduling, legal and contractual, dan political); BPP (Baseline Project Plan); PSS(Project Scope Statement).
Requirement determination: Traditional method: interviewing, NGT (Nominal Group Technique), directly observation, Analyzing procedures and documents; contemporary method: JAD (Joint Application Design, GSS (Group Support Systems), CASE tools, system prototypes. RAD (Business Process Engineering/BPR), disruptive technologies, Agile methodologies. Sedangkan Sources of Software: Information and Communication (ICT) services firm, packaged software providers, ERP provider, application service providers (ASPs), open source, in-house development.
Requirement structuring: Process modeling: context diagram, DFD of physical system, DFD of logical system. Logic Modeling: English pseudocode dan decision table.
Conceptual data modeling: Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) dan a set of entries about data objects to be stored in repository or project dictionary. ERD: Entity type, Attribute, Relationship, cardinality, associate entities, subtypes and supertypes, dan business rules (domain dan triggering operation).
Database Design: well-structured relation and primary keys, normalization and rule of normalization, design physical file and physical table (denormalization), file organization (sequenced, hashed, or pointer), indexed file organization, designing controls for files.
Designing forms dan reports: meaningful title, information, balanced layout, dan easy navigation system. Designing interface and dialogues: flexibility and consistency; controlling data input; providing feedback and help. Finalysing design specifications: stated simply, complete, unambiguous, dan concise.
6 kegiatan utama pada system implementation: coding; testing (yaitu: unit testing, integration testing, system testing); installation (direct, parallel, single-location, phased); documentation (system documentation dan user documentation); training (use of the system, general computer concept, IS concept, organizational concept, system management, system installation); and support (Internet-based online, FAQs, On-demand fax, voice response system, knowledge bases, dan help desk).
Sedangkan User testing mencakup: acceptance testing, alpha testing (recovery testing, security testing, stress testing, performance testing), dan beta testing.
4 kegiatan utama pada Maintaining information system meliputi: obtaining maintenance request, transforming request into changes, designing changes, dan implementing changes.
INFS7221, IS Control dan Audit (Course semester 1)
Text book yang dipergunakan “Information Technology Auditing and Assurance, 2th edition: 2005, oleh Hall and Singleton. Sedangkan practical software menggunakan ACL Aplikasi.
Perkuliahan dimulai dengan penjelasan nature and function of auditing, Jenis internal audit (yaitu: IT Audit, fraud audit, operational audit, compliance dan financial audit). Perbedaan antara internal dan eksternal audit. Penjelasan istilah audit risk, inherent risk, control risk, detection risk. Dilanjutkan dengan penjelasan secara garis besar bahwa IT Audit mencakup IT Risk Management , IS Risk Management, Operational Systems Risk Management , dan Technologi and Security Risk Services.
Penerapan Internal Control bertujuan untuk mencapai effective, efficient, penyelamatan asset, dan kesesuaian dengan rule dan policy. Kegiatan control meliputi general control, application control dan physical control (verification, authorization, segregation of duty, supervision, accounting records, dan access controls).
IT Auditor harus mengerti mengenai data management seperti struktur dan organisasia data dan database, ethics for IS/IT Auditors (Irregular and illegal acts dan frauds, Regulatory and legal issues, computer crimes, computer ethical issues, Intellectual property, Cybercrimes, privacy issues, business ethics).
Disamping itu, IT auditor harus memahami teknikal dalam IT yaitu: centralized data processing dan distributed data processing, computer centre controls, control object risks, controlling audit trail, Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP), dan fault tolerance. Peran penting auditor dalam proses SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) baik in-house development maupun purchase software. Auditor harus memahami network topology (star, hierarcy, ring, bus), network architecture (peer to peer, client server), network device dan EDI (inter-company transfer). Trend teknologi yang mengarah pada penggunaan ERP Software yang terdiri dari 2 main application: OLTP (Online Transaction Processing) dan OLAP (Online Analytical Processing). Auditor harus memahami pula input control, process control dan output control sebuah system yang baik.
Aplikasi auditing pada “revenue cycle system” yang dimulai dari sales procedures, warehouse procedures, shipping process, billing procedures sampai cash receipt yang diterima account receivables. Selanjutnya, penerapan auditing pada “expenditure cycle system” yang dimulai dari purchasing department, inventory control, validasi vendor, receiving department, sampai dengan pembayaran pada account payable. Subtantive test yang harus diperhatikan pada kedua system ini adalah: existence, accuracy, completeness,dan valuation.Finally, auditor harus mengerti jenis fraud (fraudulent financial statement, corruption, asset misappropriation) dan teknik mendeteksi fraud dengan menggunakan ACL Software (contoh: personal purchases, ghost employees, fictitious expenses, altered payee, pass-through vendors, theft of cash or inventory, dan lapping).
Perkuliahan dimulai dengan penjelasan nature and function of auditing, Jenis internal audit (yaitu: IT Audit, fraud audit, operational audit, compliance dan financial audit). Perbedaan antara internal dan eksternal audit. Penjelasan istilah audit risk, inherent risk, control risk, detection risk. Dilanjutkan dengan penjelasan secara garis besar bahwa IT Audit mencakup IT Risk Management , IS Risk Management, Operational Systems Risk Management , dan Technologi and Security Risk Services.
Penerapan Internal Control bertujuan untuk mencapai effective, efficient, penyelamatan asset, dan kesesuaian dengan rule dan policy. Kegiatan control meliputi general control, application control dan physical control (verification, authorization, segregation of duty, supervision, accounting records, dan access controls).
IT Auditor harus mengerti mengenai data management seperti struktur dan organisasia data dan database, ethics for IS/IT Auditors (Irregular and illegal acts dan frauds, Regulatory and legal issues, computer crimes, computer ethical issues, Intellectual property, Cybercrimes, privacy issues, business ethics).
Disamping itu, IT auditor harus memahami teknikal dalam IT yaitu: centralized data processing dan distributed data processing, computer centre controls, control object risks, controlling audit trail, Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP), dan fault tolerance. Peran penting auditor dalam proses SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) baik in-house development maupun purchase software. Auditor harus memahami network topology (star, hierarcy, ring, bus), network architecture (peer to peer, client server), network device dan EDI (inter-company transfer). Trend teknologi yang mengarah pada penggunaan ERP Software yang terdiri dari 2 main application: OLTP (Online Transaction Processing) dan OLAP (Online Analytical Processing). Auditor harus memahami pula input control, process control dan output control sebuah system yang baik.
Aplikasi auditing pada “revenue cycle system” yang dimulai dari sales procedures, warehouse procedures, shipping process, billing procedures sampai cash receipt yang diterima account receivables. Selanjutnya, penerapan auditing pada “expenditure cycle system” yang dimulai dari purchasing department, inventory control, validasi vendor, receiving department, sampai dengan pembayaran pada account payable. Subtantive test yang harus diperhatikan pada kedua system ini adalah: existence, accuracy, completeness,dan valuation.Finally, auditor harus mengerti jenis fraud (fraudulent financial statement, corruption, asset misappropriation) dan teknik mendeteksi fraud dengan menggunakan ACL Software (contoh: personal purchases, ghost employees, fictitious expenses, altered payee, pass-through vendors, theft of cash or inventory, dan lapping).
